Ukukhiya/Ukuthega kwe-LOTO: Kusukela Kumqondo Kuya Ekusetshenzisweni

Ukukhiya/Ukuthega kwe-LOTO: Kusukela Kumqondo Kuya Ekusetshenzisweni
Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza wezimboni, ukuphepha kuyinto eyinhloko kuyo yonke inqubo, futhiukukhiya-ukukhiya (i-LOTO, ukukhiya/ukukhiya)njengendlela eyinhloko yokulawula amandla ayingozi nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemishini kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nokunciphisa izehlakalo zezingozi zokuphepha. Kusukela emqondweni ongaqondakali wokuphepha kuya enkambisweni yokusebenzisa okusebenzayo,I-LOTOakuyona nje isethi yemigomo yokusebenza ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuphatha ukuphepha lwebhizinisi, oluhlanganisa zonke izimo ezifana nokugcinwa kwemishini, ukulungiswa, kanye nokuhlanza. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okujwayelekile kunquma ngqo umugqa wokuphepha wokukhiqiza kwezimboni. Lesi sihloko sizoqala ngomqondo oyinhloko we-LOTO, sihlaziye inqubo yayo yokusebenzisa, amaphuzu abalulekile, kanye nokungaqondani okuvamile, sinikeze isiqondiso esiphelele nesisebenzayo kubasebenzi bemboni.
I. Umqondo Oyinhloko Wokukhiywa/Ukuthegiswa kwe-LOTO:Akukhona nje “Ukukhiya + Ukubeka Ithegi”
Ukuqonda kwabaningi abasebenza embonini nge-LOTO kunqunyelwe “ekubekeni ukhiye nokufaka ithegi”, kodwa empeleni, i-LOTO uhlelo oluhlelekile lokulawula amandla ayingozi, futhi ingqikithi yalo ukuvimbela imishini ukuthi iqale ngengozi noma amandla ukuthi akhishwe ngengozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba kanye nezixwayiso ezicacile, ukuvimbela izingozi zokuphepha emthonjeni. Ngokwezindinganiso ze-OSHA kanye nezimfuneko zasekhaya “zoMthetho Wokuphepha Komsebenzi”, incazelo esemthethweni ye-LOTO yile: Ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwemishini, ukulungiswa, ukulungisa amaphutha, noma ukuhlanza imisebenzi, ngokuvala, ukuhlukanisa imithombo yamandla eyingozi ehlukahlukene yemishini, ukusebenzisa izingidi ezikhethekile ukukhiya amadivayisi okuhlukaniswa, kanye nokulengisa izimpawu zesixwayiso ezijwayelekile ukuze kwaziwe ngokucacile ukuthi imishini isesimweni “sokuqala esivinjelwe”, ukuvimbela abanye ekusebenzeni ngephutha futhi babangele izingozi zokuphepha. Kusukela ezintweni eziyinhloko, i-LOTO ifaka izingxenye ezimbili ezingahlukaniseki: “ukukhiya” kanye “nokubeka ithegi”. Ziyaphelelisana futhi azinakuqhathaniswa. “Ukukhiya” ukuvikela ngokomzimba, ngokusebenzisa izingidi ezikhethekile (njengezibambo, ama-circuit breaker, izembozo zama-valve, njll.) ukukhiya amadivayisi okuhlukanisa amandla (amaswishi, ama-valve, ama-circuit breaker, njll.), ukwakha isivikelo esiqinile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi abangagunyaziwe abakwazi ukuqala imishini; “ukubeka ithegi” kuyisikhumbuzo sesixwayiso, ngokulengisa izimpawu ezithi “Othile uyasebenza, ungaqali” noma “Uyalungiswa, ungavali”, ezikwazisa ngokusobala isimo sokusebenza, opharetha, kanye nobude bokusebenza, zinikeza isixwayiso esibonakalayo, esikhokhela indawo engaboni kahle yokuvikela ukukhiya.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwe-LOTO buhlanganisa zonke izimo zezimboni ngamandla ayingozi, okuhlanganisa amandla, imishini, i-hydraulic, i-pneumatic, i-thermal, i-chemical, njll. Zonke izinhlobo zemithombo yamandla, kungaba emigqeni yokukhiqiza yefektri, imishini yamakhemikhali, noma ukugcinwa kwezindawo zokuzijabulisa (njengokuhlolwa kwasekuseni kwe-Lego Big Wheel), uma nje kuhilelekile imisebenzi yokuvala imishini, izinqubo ze-LOTO kumele ziqaliswe ngokuqinile [3][7]. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko akuyona "izinqubo ezinzima", kodwa ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ejwayelekile, ukuhlukanisa amandla ayingozi kubasebenzi, okuyisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani i-LOTO isibe yindinganiso yokuphepha kwezimboni yomhlaba wonke.
II. Imibandela Yokusetshenziswa Kwe-LOTO Lockout/Tagout:Isigaba Sezinto Eziyinhloko Ezicacile kanye Nomthwalo Wemfanelo
Ukuqaliswa okujwayelekile kwe-LOTO kudinga ukuthi kuqale kucaciswe izidingo ezintathu eziyinhloko ukuze kugwenywe ukuthi umsebenzi ube yinto ehlelekile ngenxa yezinto ezingekho noma imithwalo yemfanelo engacacile, okungaholela ezingozini zokuphepha.
Okokuqala, khomba ngokucacile ububanzi bamandla ayingozi. Ngaphambi kokusebenza, wonke amandla angaba khona emishini kumele ahlolwe ngokuphelele, kufaka phakathi amandla acacile (njengogesi, igesi, uwoyela we-hydraulic) kanye namandla angacacile (njengamandla kagesi asele kuma-capacitor, amandla angacacile entwasahlobo, igesi ecindezelwe, njll.), futhi akukho mthombo wamandla okufanele unganakwa. Isibonelo, noma ngabe ipulaki yemishini ethile kagesi isusiwe, i-capacitor isagcina amandla kagesi, futhi uma ukwelashwa kokukhipha kungenziwa, kungase kubangele izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi [1]; kumadivayisi emishini, intwasahlobo ecindezelwe, noma ngabe umthombo wamandla oyinhloko unqanyuliwe, ingase ibangele ukulimala komshini ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamandla angacacile. Ukuhlonza la mandla angacacile kuyisisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwe-LOTO.
Okwesibili, hlomisa ngamathuluzi nezimpawu ezijwayelekile. Ukusebenza kwe-LOTO kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezingidi namathuluzi akhethekile. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa amathuluzi angazinikele njengezintambo zensimbi noma izintambo ezivamile njengezinye izinto. Amathuluzi anjalo awanawo umsebenzi wokuhlukaniswa ophoqelekile futhi athambekele ekuphukeni nasekuntuleni imiphumela yesixwayiso. Abhekwa njengokwephulwa okukhulu kwemithetho. Izingidi kufanele zilandele isimiso esithi “umuntu oyedwa, ukhiye oyedwa, ukhiye owodwa”, futhi okhiye kufanele bagcinwe kahle ngabasebenzi ngokwabo. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukudlulisa noma ukwabelana ngokhiye. Izimpawu zesixwayiso kufanele zicace futhi zikhange amehlo, futhi zibonise ngokucacile okuqukethwe komsebenzi, abaqhubi, kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abantu abadlulayo noma abaxhumana nemishini bangaqonda ngokucacile izingozi.
Okwesithathu, kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo olucacile lomthwalo wemfanelo. Ukusebenza kwe-LOTO kulandela isimiso sokuthi “ubani osebenzayo, ngubani ophethe”. Imithwalo yemfanelo yezinhlobo ezintathu zabasebenzi abayinhloko ichazwe ngokucacile: abasebenzi abagunyaziwe (labo abathole ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokugunyazwa ukwenza imisebenzi ye-LOTO) banesibopho sokusebenzisa izinqubo zokukhiya, ithegi, kanye nokuvula kuyo yonke inqubo; abasebenzi abathintekile (izisebenzi endaweni ezungezile yendawo yokusebenza) kudingeka bazi ngesimo sokusebenza kwe-LOTO futhi akumelwe bathinte izingidi, izimpawu, noma imishini ngaphandle kwemvume; umphathi wezokuphepha unesibopho sokuqeqesha, ukuqondisa, kanye nokubuyekeza inqubo ye-LOTO, futhi uphenye ngokushesha noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokusebenza. Ibhizinisi kufanele lisebenzise ngokugcwele umthwalo wemfanelo we-LOTO kuwo wonke amazinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixhumanisi ngasinye sinomuntu ozinikele ophethe futhi ophethe.