Ukukhiya, ukumaka nokulawula amandla ayingozi eshabhu

I-OSHA iyala abasebenzi bokulungisa ukuthi bakhiye, babeke uphawu, futhi balawule imithombo yamandla eyingozi. Abanye abantu abazi ukuthi bangathatha kanjani lesi sinyathelo, yonke imishini ihlukile. I-Getty Images

Phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemishini yezimboni,ukukhiya/ukuthega (i-LOTO)Akuyona into entsha. Ngaphandle kokuthi ugesi unqanyuliwe, akekho onesibindi sokwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokulungisa okuvamile noma ukuzama ukulungisa umshini noma uhlelo. Lokhu kumane kuyisidingo sokuqonda okuvamile kanye ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Ngaphambi kokwenza imisebenzi yokulungisa noma ukulungisa, kulula ukukhipha umshini emthonjeni wawo wamandla—ngokuvamile ngokucisha i-circuit breaker—bese uvala umnyango wephaneli ye-circuit breaker. Ukwengeza ilebula elichaza ochwepheshe bokulungisa ngamagama nakho kuyinto elula.

Uma ugesi ungenakukhiywa, kungasetshenziswa ilebula kuphela. Kunoma ikuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhiye ukhiyiwe noma cha, ilebula libonisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kuyaqhubeka futhi idivayisi ayisebenzi.

Nokho, lokhu akupheleli elothoni. Umgomo ophelele akukhona nje ukunqamula umthombo wamandla. Umgomo uwukusebenzisa noma ukukhulula wonke amandla ayingozi—ngokwemigomo ye-OSHA, ukulawula amandla ayingozi.

Isaha elivamile libonisa izingozi ezimbili zesikhashana. Ngemva kokuba isaha licinyiwe, i-blade yesaha izoqhubeka isebenza imizuzwana embalwa, futhi izoma kuphela uma amandla agcinwe ku-motor esephelile. I-blade izohlala ishisa imizuzu embalwa kuze kube yilapho ukushisa kunyamalala.

Njengoba nje amasaha egcina amandla omshini nokushisa, umsebenzi wokusebenzisa imishini yezimboni (kagesi, i-hydraulic kanye ne-pneumatic) ngokuvamile ungagcina amandla isikhathi eside.​​Kuye ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-hydraulic noma lwe-pneumatic lusebenza kanjani, noma amandla esekethe, amandla angagcinwa isikhathi eside ngendlela emangalisayo.

Imishini ehlukahlukene yezimboni idinga ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi. I-AISI 1010 yensimbi ejwayelekile ingamelana namandla okugoba afinyelela ku-45,000 PSI, ngakho-ke imishini efana namabhuleki okucindezela, ama-punch, ama-punch, kanye nama-pipe bender kumele idlulise amandla ngamayunithi amatani. Uma isekethe enika amandla uhlelo lwe-hydraulic pump ivaliwe futhi inqanyuliwe, ingxenye ye-hydraulic yesistimu ingase isakwazi ukunikeza i-45,000 PSI. Emishinini esebenzisa isikhunta noma ama-blade, lokhu kwanele ukuchoboza noma ukunqamula imilenze.

Iloli elivalekile elinomoya ongcolile liyingozi njengeloli elingavalwanga. Vula ivalvu engafanele bese amandla adonsela phansi ethatha indawo. Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lomoya lungagcina amandla amaningi uma lucinyiwe. Ipayipi eliphakathi nendawo lingamunca kufika kuma-ampere angu-150 wamandla kagesi. Uma liphansi njenge-ampere angu-0.040, inhliziyo ingayeka ukushaya.

Ukukhulula noma ukuqeda amandla ngokuphephile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ngemva kokucima ugesi kanye ne-LOTO. Ukukhululwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ayingozi ngokuphephile kudinga ukuqonda izimiso zesistimu kanye nemininingwane yomshini okudingeka unakekelwe noma ulungiswe.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo ze-hydraulic: i-open loop kanye ne-closed loop. Endaweni yezimboni, izinhlobo ezivamile zephampu amagiya, ama-vane, nama-piston. Isilinda sethuluzi elisebenzayo singasebenza kanye noma kabili. Izinhlelo ze-hydraulic zingaba nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezintathu zama-valve - ukulawula okuqondiswayo, ukulawula ukugeleza, kanye nokulawula ingcindezi - ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo inezinhlobo eziningi. Kunezinto eziningi okufanele uzinake, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle uhlobo ngalunye lwengxenye ukuze kuqedwe izingozi ezihlobene namandla.

UJay Robinson, umnikazi kanye nomongameli we-RbSA Industrial, uthe: “I-hydraulic actuator ingase iqhutshwe yi-valve yokuvala egcwele imbobo.” “I-solenoid valve ivula i-valve. Uma uhlelo lusebenza, uketshezi lwe-hydraulic lugeleza luye emishinini enomfutho ophezulu kanye nasethangini enomfutho ophansi,” kusho yena. “Uma uhlelo lukhiqiza i-2,000 PSI futhi ugesi ucinyiwe, i-solenoid izoya endaweni ephakathi futhi ivimbe wonke ama-port. Uwoyela awukwazi ukugeleza futhi umshini uyama, kodwa uhlelo lungaba ne-1,000 PSI ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-valve.”