Uhlu lokuhlola ukuvala kanye nokuhlukanisa: Yini okufanele ihlolwe ezindaweni zezimboni?

Uhlu lokuhlola ukuvala kanye nokuhlukanisa: Yini okufanele ihlolwe ezindaweni zezimboni?
Ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwemishini, isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu akusona isikhathi sokuvala ngokwaso, kodwa isikhathi kusukela “ekucabangeni ukuthi ugesi ucinyiwe” kuya “ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ucinyiwe ngempela”. Izingozi eziningi zenzeka phakathi nalesi sikhala - othile ucabanga ukuthi ugesi ucinyiwe, kanti othile ucabanga ukuthi ingcindezi esele ikhululiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho bethatha isinyathelo, umshini uqala ngokuzumayo.
Uhlu lokuhlola oluthembekile lokuvala kanye nokuhlukanisa kufanele luqinisekise ukuthi zonke lezi "zinkolelo" ziguqulwa zibe "iziqiniseko". Ngezansi, ngokulandelana kokusebenza, sizofingqa izinto okumele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuvalwa ngakunye nokulungiswa kwezikhungo zezimboni.
I. Ukuhlolwa Kokulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokuvala
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuvala noma yini, kunezinto eziningana okumele zicaciswe kuqala:
Ingabe uhlu lwamandla lwemishini luphelele? Ingxenye ngayinye yemishini ine-"Energy Source List", eqopha zonke izinhlobo zamandla ezihilelekile kulo mshini - ugesi, igesi, uketshezi, ukushisa, amandla adonsela phansi. Uma lo mshini usanda kulungiswa noma ushintsho enkambisweni, ingabe lolu hlu lubuyekezwe ngokuvumelana? Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala futhi yisinyathelo esilula kakhulu ukunganakwa. Ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa, kwanezelwa ipayipi lomoya ocindezelwe, kodwa ifayela alizange libuyekezwe ngemva kwalokho. Lapho kuhlolwa, lokhu kwanganakwa.
Ubani oqhuba lokhu kulungiswa? Uhlu lwabahlanganyeli ludinga ukuqinisekiswa. Akuzona nje izisebenzi zokulungisa ezivela efektri yethu, kodwa futhi nabasebenzi abathunyelwe ngaphandle kanye nalabo abahlinzeka ngosizo lweminyango eyahlukene kufanele bafakwe. Lapho kunabantu abaningi, kulapho kuzoba nezikhala zokuxhumana eziningi khona. Kufanele kube nekholomu ethile ohlwini lokuhlola lokuhlola ukuze kuqoshwe amagama nezinhlobo zemisebenzi yabo bonke abahlanganyeli.
Ingabe isikhathi sokungasebenzi sichazwe ngokucacile? Ukuvalwa kuqala nini futhi kuhlelwa nini ukuqala kabusha? Kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacile. Lokhu akukhona ukukhuthaza wonke umuntu ukuba asheshise umsebenzi, kodwa ukuqinisekisa: Uma umsebenzi ungaqedwanga ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kabusha, ubani onesibopho sokwazisa wonke umuntu ngokubambezeleka? Izingozi eziningi zenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi “ukukhiya akususiwe ngemva kokudlula umkhawulo wesikhathi” - othile ucabanga ukuthi ukulungiswa sekuphelile bese eqala kabusha ukunikezwa kukagesi ngaphandle kwemvume.
II. Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlukaniswa Kwamandla – Ukuqinisekiswa Kwento Ngento
Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yohlu lokuhlola. Izindlela zokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla zihlukile, kanti nezindawo zokuhlola nazo zihlukile.
Ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi
Ingabe iswishi yamandla eyinhloko icishiwe? Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isibambo seswishi sisesimweni "SOKHISHWA", umuntu akumelwe nje athembele emazwini abanye athi "sikhishiwe".
Ingabe idivayisi ikhiyiwe ngekhiya yokuphepha yomuntu siqu? Ingabe isihluthulelo sekhiya sinawe?
Ingabe kukhona ama-capacitor asele? Ngemva kokuthi i-large frequency converter kanye ne-servo system sezivuliwe, kungase kube nogesi ogcinwe kuma-capacitor. Kuyadingeka ukukala i-voltage nge-multimeter ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yehla ngaphansi kwezinga eliphephile.
Uma kuyidivayisi enamandla kagesi aphezulu, ingabe inqubo "yokunqamula + umhlabathi" yenziwe? Ingabe induku yokumisa ifakiwe?
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini
Ingabe imishini inezingxenye zokugcina amandla? Izipilingi, izinto eziphikisanayo, amabhlogo okulinganisela - lokhu kungase kukhiphe amandla ngisho nangemva kokuba imishini ivaliwe.
Ingabe kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-baffle omshini noma amabhlogo okusekela ukulungisa izingxenye ezihambayo? Isibonelo, isilayidi somshini wokucindezela we-hydraulic kumele silungiswe ngokusekelwa komshini, hhayi nje ukuthembela ekukhiyeni kwe-hydraulic.
Ingabe amandla adonsela phansi ayaphathwa? Imithwalo elengayo, amapulatifomu aphakanyisiwe - kumele ehliswe phansi noma akhiywe ngokoqobo.
Ukuhlukaniswa komoya kanye nokwe-hydraulic
Ingabe ivalvu eyinhloko yomthombo womoya/umthombo wamanzi ivaliwe futhi ikhiyiwe?
Ingabe ingcindezi esele epayipini ikhululiwe? Ukuze uvule ivalvu yokusiza ukucindezela, qinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi yehla iye ku-zero. Ungabheki nje i-pressure gauge - i-pressure gauge ingase ibe nephutha, noma ingabonisa ingcindezi yesinye isigaba sepayipi.
Uma kukhona i-Energy reservoir (idivayisi yokugcina amandla), ingabe ingcindezi e-Energy reservoir ikhishwe yodwa? Leli iphuzu elilula ukulikhohlwa.
Inqubo yokuhlukaniswa okuphakathi
Ingabe ipayipi lokuthutha amakhemikhali ayingozi lihlukaniswe ngokuthembekile? Ukuhlukaniswa kabili (ama-valve okuvala + ukufaka ama-blind plate) kuthembekile kakhulu kunokuthembela kuma-valve kuphela.
Ingabe zikhona izimpawu ezindaweni zokuhlukaniswa? Ukuvimbela abanye ekuvuleni amavalvu ngephutha.
Uma le nto iyingozi noma ishintshashintsha, ingabe isihlanziwe noma yashintshwa ngemva kokuyihlukanisa?
III. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lockout tagout (LOTO)
Ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlukaniswa kwamandla, i-Lockout tagout iyindlela yesibili yokuzivikela. Uhlu lokuhlola kufanele lufake lezi zinto zokuqinisekisa:
Ingabe zonke izindawo zokuzihlukanisa zivaliwe? Ingabe inani lezikhiye lihambisana nenani labahlanganyeli?
Ingabe ukhiye womuntu ngamunye ufinyeleleka ngokhiye wakhe kuphela? (Isimiso esiyinhloko sokuphepha: ukhiye owodwa wokhiye owodwa)
Ingabe ulwazi lwethegi yokukhiya luphelele? Amalebula kufanele afake: igama lomuntu oyikhiyile, usuku, imininingwane yokuxhumana, kanye nokuqukethwe kokusebenza.
Uma kungumsebenzi weqembu, ingabe kukhona iBhokisi Lokukhiya Leqembu elihlanganisiwe elisetshenzisiwe? Inzuzo yebhokisi lokukhiya elihlanganisiwe ukuthi imishini ingaqalwa kuphela uma umuntu wokugcina eyivula - akekho ongayilungisa kusenesikhathi.
IV. Ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla angenamandla - isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu
Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa nokukhiywa sekuqediwe, ukuqinisekiswa kumele kwenziwe. Lesi sinyathelo asinakushiywa futhi asinakuphathiswa abanye.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa yilena elandelayo: Zama ukuqala idivayisi. Cindezela inkinobho yokuqala bese ubheka ukuthi idivayisi iyaphendula yini. Uma idivayisi inyakaza, kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa akuphelele futhi kudingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe kabusha. Uma idivayisi ingaphenduli, kusho ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kuyasebenza.
Lesi senzo sokuqinisekisa kufanele senziwe ngumuntu okhiyile, hhayi ngumphathi weshifu noma isikhulu sezokuphepha. Ngoba umuntu okhiyile kuphela owazi kangcono ukuthi ukhiyile yonke imithombo yamandla edingekayo.
Ngemva kokuthi ukuqinisekiswa sekuqediwe, phawula isikhathi sokuqinisekisa kanye negama lomqinisekisi ohlwini lokuhlola. Lesi siginesha sinokubaluleka okusemthethweni.
V. Ukuhlolwa Ngesikhathi Sokulungisa
Ngemva kokuqala kokulungiswa, umsebenzi wohlu lokuhlola wawungakaqedwa.
Nsuku zonke ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, ingabe ukhona ohlola ukuthi izingidi namathegi asesimweni esihle yini? Ingabe akhiyiwe noma asuswe ngumuntu ngaphandle kwemvume?
Uma kukhona ushintsho lweshifti, ingabe umuntu onikelayo nomuntu othatha izintambo bayaqinisekisa ngokuhlanganyela isimo sokukhiya ngesikhathi sokudlulisela? Bobabili abantu basayina ohlwini lokuhlola ndawonye, ​​okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunokumane banikeze incazelo ngomlomo.
Uma ububanzi bokugcinwa bukhula (isibonelo, ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukulungisa uhlelo lukagesi, kodwa kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi ingxenye yomshini nayo kwakudingeka isetshenzwe), ingabe ukuhlolwa kabusha kobubanzi bokuhlukaniswa kwamandla kudingeka kwenziwe? Izinyathelo zokuqala zokuhlukaniswa kungenzeka zingasanele.
VI. Ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuqalisa kabusha umsebenzi
Ngemva kokuba ukulungiswa sekuqediwe futhi kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuqalisa kabusha ukusebenza, ingxenye yokugcina yohlu lokuhlola iwusizo:
Ingabe wonke amathuluzi, izingxenye kanye nodoti sekususiwe ngokuphelele ngaphakathi naseduze kwemishini? Kwake kwaba nengozi lapho isikrufu sawela khona emshinini wokudlulisa, futhi imishini yabhajwa ngokushesha nje lapho iqaliswa, okwabangela uchungechunge lomonakalo.
Ingabe zonke izembozo zokuvikela kanye neminyango yokuphepha sezibuyiselwe ezindaweni zazo zokuqala?
Ingabe bonke abasebenzi sebethuthele endaweni ephephile? Kubalulekile ukubala inani labantu, futhi lokhu akunakwenzeka ngokumemeza nje uthi “Umshini uzoqala” bese uhamba.
Ingabe ilokhi isuswe ngumuntu oyikhiyile? Ayikwazi ukususwa ngomunye umuntu noma "ngokusiza" ukususa ilokhi yomunye umuntu.
Ngemva kokususa ukhiye, ingabe isimo semishini saqinisekiswa ukuthi sijwayelekile, wabe usuwazisa umnyango wokunikezwa kukagesi ukuze ubuyisele ugesi?