Nakuba imithetho yokugcina amarekhodi ye-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ikhulula abaqashi abanezisebenzi eziyi-10 noma ngaphansi ekubhaleni ukulimala nokugula okungekhona okukhulu emsebenzini, bonke abaqashi banoma yiluphi usayizi kumele balandele yonke imithethonqubo ye-OSHA esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi babo. "Yonke imithethonqubo ye-OSHA esebenzayo" ibhekisela emithethweninqubo ye-OSHA kahulumeni noma imithethonqubo ye-OSHA "yohlelo lukahulumeni". Njengamanje, izifundazwe ezingu-22 zithole imvume ye-OSHA yokuphatha izinhlelo zazo zokuphepha nezempilo zabasebenzi. Lezi zinhlelo zikahulumeni zisebenza ezinkampanini zomkhakha ozimele, okuhlanganisa amabhizinisi amancane, kanye nohulumeni bezifundazwe kanye nohulumeni basekhaya.
I-OSHA ayidingi ukuthi abanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane abantu abangabodwa (abangenabasebenzi) balandele imithetho yabo yabaqashi. Kodwa-ke, laba banikazi bamabhizinisi amancane kufanele basalandele imithetho esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo emsebenzini.
Isibonelo, ukugqoka isivikelo sokuphefumula lapho uphatha izinto eziyingozi noma amakhemikhali anobuthi, ukusebenzisa isivikelo sokuwa lapho usebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme, noma ukugqoka isivikelo sokuzwa lapho usebenza endaweni enomsindo akuzona nje izinkampani ezinezisebenzi. Lezi zinyathelo zokuzivikela nazo zisiza ekusebenzeni komuntu oyedwa. Kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwendawo yokusebenza, kuhlale kukhona amathuba ezingozi emsebenzini, futhi ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo ye-OSHA kusiza ukunciphisa lokhu okungenzeka.
Ikakhulukazi, i-OSHA ilinganisela ukuthi ukuthobela i-Lockout/Tagout (ngokuvamile emelelwa ngesifinyezo sayo i-LOTO) kungasindisa cishe izimpilo eziyi-120 njalo ngonyaka futhi kuvimbele ukulimala okungaba ngu-50,000 njalo ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, cishe minyaka yonke lapho i-OSHA ishicilela khona uhlu, ukungalandeli imithetho kuyaqhubeka nokuba uhlu oluphezulu lwemithetho eyi-10 ye-OSHA ephula kakhulu imithetho.
Imithethonqubo ye-OSHA kahulumeni kanye neyesifundazwe yokukhiya/ukuthengisa imishini ichaza izinyathelo zokuvikela ezisetshenziswa abaqashi ukuvimbela ukusebenza ngengozi kwemishini nemishini ngenxa yamaphutha abantu noma amandla asele ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwayo.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqala ngengozi, amandla aleyo mishini nemishini ebhekwa “njengeyingozi” “avalwa” ngezikhiye zangempela futhi “amakwe” ngamathegi angempela ngemva kokuba umshini noma imishini ivuliwe. I-OSHA ichaza “amandla ayingozi” njenganoma yimaphi amandla angabangela ingozi kubasebenzi, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ngamandla kagesi, oomatshini, o-hydraulic, omoya, amakhemikhali, kanye nokushisa. Lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela kufanele futhi zisetshenziswe ngabanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane aqhutshwa ngumuntu oyedwa.
Abanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane bangase babuze: “Kuzokwenzekani?” Cabanga ngengozi ebuhlungu eyenzeka esitshalweni iBarcardi Bottling Corp. eJacksonville, eFlorida ngo-Agasti 2012. IBarcardi Bottling Corp. ngokusobala akuyona inkampani encane, kodwa izinkampani eziningi ezincane zinezinqubo kanye nokusebenza okufanayo nezinkampani ezinkulu. Le nkampani inayo, njengokufaka ama-pallet ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isisebenzi sesikhashana efektri iBacardi sasihlanza i-palletizer ezenzakalelayo ngosuku lokuqala lomsebenzi. Umshini waqalwa ngengozi esinye isisebenzi esingambonanga isisebenzi sesikhashana, kanti isisebenzi sesikhashana sacindezelwa umshini saze safa.
Ngaphandle kwezingozi ezicindezelayo, ukwehluleka ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela ze-LOTO kungabangela izingozi zokushiswa ukushisa, okuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu nasekufeni. Ukuntuleka kokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi kwe-LOTO kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kokushaqeka kukagesi kanye nokufa ngenxa yokushaywa ugesi. Amandla omshini angalawulwa angabangela ukunqunywa kwezicubu, okungaba yingozi futhi. Uhlu lwe-"Yini ezohamba kabi?" alunamkhawulo. Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela ze-LOTO kungasindisa izimpilo eziningi futhi kuvimbele ukulimala okuningi.
Lapho benquma ukuthi bangazisebenzisa kanjani kangcono izindlela zokuvikela i-LOTO nezinye izindlela zokuzivikela, amabhizinisi amancane nezinkampani ezinkulu bahlala becabanga ngesikhathi kanye nezindleko. Abanye abantu bangase bazibuze ukuthi “Ngizoqala kuphi?”
Kumabhizinisi amancane, empeleni kukhona inketho yamahhala yokuqala ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela, kungaba umsebenzi womuntu oyedwa noma umsebenzi wesisebenzi. Womabili amahhovisi okuhlela kahulumeni kanye nowesifundazwe e-OSHA anikeza usizo lwamahhala ekunqumeni izimo ezingaba khona neziyingozi zangempela endaweni yokusebenza. Aphinde anikeze iziphakamiso zendlela yokuxazulula lezi zinkinga. Umeluleki wezokuphepha wendawo ungenye indlela yokusiza. Amaningi anikeza amanani aphansi amabhizinisi amancane.
Ukungaqondi okuvamile ngezingozi zasemsebenzini ukuthi “akusoze kwenzeka kimi.” Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izingozi zibizwa ngokuthi izingozi. Azilindelekile, futhi isikhathi esiningi azihlosiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasemabhizinisini amancane, izingozi ziyenzeka. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane kufanele bahlale bethatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifana ne-LOTO ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemisebenzi yabo kanye nezinqubo zabo.
Lokhu kungadinga izindleko nesikhathi, kodwa ukusebenza ngokuphepha kuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende athola imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zawo lapho ezidinga. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusebenza ngokuphephile kuqinisekisa ukuthi abanikazi bamabhizinisi nabasebenzi bangaya emakhaya ngokuphephile ekupheleni kosuku lokusebenza. Izinzuzo zomsebenzi ophephile zidlula kakhulu imali nesikhathi esichithwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuzivikela.
Ilungelo Lokushicilela © 2021 Thomas Publishing Company. wonke amalungelo agodliwe. Sicela ubheke imigomo nemibandela, isitatimende sobumfihlo kanye nesaziso sokungalandeli eCalifornia. Iwebhusayithi yaguqulwa okokugcina ngo-Agasti 13, 2021. I-Thomas Register® kanye ne-Thomas Regional® ziyingxenye ye-Thomasnet.com. I-Thomasnet wuphawu lokuhweba olubhalisiwe lwe-Thomas Publishing Company.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2021
